Do a bit of research on penetration testing techniques. Investigate and document the following • Five network penetration testing techniques • Advantages and disadvantages of each • One notable social engineering test • Possible negative implications of penetration testing Do a bit of research on penetration testing techniques. Investigate and document the following • Five network penetration testing techniques • Advantages and disadvantages of each • One notable social engineering test • Possible negative implications of penetration testing

Discussion Question - CLO 4, CLO 5 What is meant by operational definition, when and why is it necessary? Operationalize the following: 1. Customer loyalty 2. Price consciousness 3. Career success 4. Service quality Discussion Question - CLO 4, CLO 5 What is meant by operational definition, when and why is it necessary? Operationalize the following: 1. Customer loyalty 2. Price consciousness 3. Career success 4. Service quality

CLA 1 Comprehensive Learning Assessment – CLO 4, CLO 5 This Professional Assignment (CLA 1) requires a minimum of five (5) pages (and a minimum of six [6] peer-reviewed sources) APA formatted Word Document in response to the following questions. Your answers should be clear, well-organized, and specific. Provide a concise, cogent argument and include details to support your response. Xavier has developed a lab experiment to test the hypotheses of his study. In lab experiments, control and manipulation are introduced to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables in an artificial setting. 1. Discuss the principles of control and manipulation. 2. Describe how Xavier manipulates the independent variable and the moderating variable in this study. 3. Although Xavier has pretested the manipulation of product involvement, he has also included a manipulation check for involvement in his study. Why would he have done that? You have just found out that the candy bar that features in the Seinfeld episode is very popular among women (92% of the consumers of this specific candy bar are women) but not among men. Hence, you suspect that gender is a nuisance factor in this study. 4. Based on the afore-mentioned research finding, please provide a detailed explanation of why and how “gender” might affect the results of the study if Xavier would not control for gender? 5. Explain (in detail) three possible ways in which Xavier can control for gender in this study. 6. Discuss the type of experimental design that Xavier is using. 7. Which factors affect the internal validity of Xavier’s study given the experimental design he is using? Please provide justification. 8. Are the findings of this study generalizable to other settings. In other words, how do you justify the external validity of this study? 9. Xavier has indicated that he wants to give the participants a cover story. What could be the purpose of this cover story? 10. Do you believe that telling a cover story is ethical or not? *Please refer to the Grading Criteria for Comprehensive Learning Assessments (CLAs) in the University Policies for specific guidelines and expectations. CLA 1 Comprehensive Learning Assessment – CLO 4, CLO 5 This Professional Assignment (CLA 1) requires a minimum of five (5) pages (and a minimum of six [6] peer-reviewed sources) APA formatted Word Document in response to the following questions. Your answers should be clear, well-organized, and specific. Provide a concise, cogent argument and include details to support your response. Xavier has developed a lab experiment to test the hypotheses of his study. In lab experiments, control and manipulation are introduced to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables in an artificial setting. 1. Discuss the principles of control and manipulation. 2. Describe how Xavier manipulates the independent variable and the moderating variable in this study. 3. Although Xavier has pretested the manipulation of product involvement, he has also included a manipulation check for involvement in his study. Why would he have done that? You have just found out that the candy bar that features in the Seinfeld episode is very popular among women (92% of the consumers of this specific candy bar are women) but not among men. Hence, you suspect that gender is a nuisance factor in this study. 4. Based on the afore-mentioned research finding, please provide a detailed explanation of why and how “gender” might affect the results of the study if Xavier would not control for gender? 5. Explain (in detail) three possible ways in which Xavier can control for gender in this study. 6. Discuss the type of experimental design that Xavier is using. 7. Which factors affect the internal validity of Xavier’s study given the experimental design he is using? Please provide justification. 8. Are the findings of this study generalizable to other settings. In other words, how do you justify the external validity of this study? 9. Xavier has indicated that he wants to give the participants a cover story. What could be the purpose of this cover story? 10. Do you believe that telling a cover story is ethical or not? *Please refer to the Grading Criteria for Comprehensive Learning Assessments (CLAs) in the University Policies for specific guidelines and expectations.

Discussion Question 4 – CLO 1, CLO 2, CLO 5, CLO 7, CLO 8 Please answer each of the following questions in detail. Provide in-text citations and include examples whenever applicable. 1. Explain single product cost-volume-profit (CVP) and break-even analysis. Provide a hypothetical example of CVP and breakeven analysis. Provide in-text citations and explain your example in detail. 2. Explain multiproduct break even analysis. What is the assumption on proportions among the quantities in multiproduct break even analysis? Provide a hypothetical example of multiproduct break even analysis. Provide in-text citations and explain your example in detail. Discussion Question 4 – CLO 1, CLO 2, CLO 5, CLO 7, CLO 8 Please answer each of the following questions in detail. Provide in-text citations and include examples whenever applicable. 1. Explain single product cost-volume-profit (CVP) and break-even analysis. Provide a hypothetical example of CVP and breakeven analysis. Provide in-text citations and explain your example in detail. 2. Explain multiproduct break even analysis. What is the assumption on proportions among the quantities in multiproduct break even analysis? Provide a hypothetical example of multiproduct break even analysis. Provide in-text citations and explain your example in detail.

CLA 1 Comprehensive Learning Assessment – CLO 1, CLO 2, CLO 5, CLO 7 Milano Co. manufactures and sells three products: product 1, product 2, and product 3. Their unit selling prices are product 1, $40; product 2, $30; and product 3, $20. The per unit variable costs to manufacture and sell these products are product 1, $30; product 2, $15; and product 3, $8. Their sales mix is reflected in a ratio of 6:4:2. Annual fixed costs shared by all three products are $270,000. One type of raw material has been used to manufacture products 1 and 2. The company has developed a new material of equal quality for less cost. The new material would reduce variable costs per unit as follows: product 1 by $10 and product 2 by $5. However, the new material requires new equipment, which will increase annual fixed costs by $50,000. 1. If the company continues to use the old material, determine its break-even point in both sales units and sales dollars of each individual product. 2. If the company uses the new material, determine its new break-even point in both sales units and sales dollars of each individual product. (Round to the next whole unit.) 3. What insight does this analysis offer management for long-term planning? Please explain your work in detail and provide in-text citations. At least six (6) peer-reviewed references are required among which one should be the textbook as source of the data. Include the initial situation and initial assumptions in your answer. *Please refer to the Grading Criteria for Comprehensive Learning Assessments (CLAs) in the University Policies for specific guidelines and expectations. CLA 1 Comprehensive Learning Assessment – CLO 1, CLO 2, CLO 5, CLO 7 Milano Co. manufactures and sells three products: product 1, product 2, and product 3. Their unit selling prices are product 1, $40; product 2, $30; and product 3, $20. The per unit variable costs to manufacture and sell these products are product 1, $30; product 2, $15; and product 3, $8. Their sales mix is reflected in a ratio of 6:4:2. Annual fixed costs shared by all three products are $270,000. One type of raw material has been used to manufacture products 1 and 2. The company has developed a new material of equal quality for less cost. The new material would reduce variable costs per unit as follows: product 1 by $10 and product 2 by $5. However, the new material requires new equipment, which will increase annual fixed costs by $50,000. 1. If the company continues to use the old material, determine its break-even point in both sales units and sales dollars of each individual product. 2. If the company uses the new material, determine its new break-even point in both sales units and sales dollars of each individual product. (Round to the next whole unit.) 3. What insight does this analysis offer management for long-term planning? Please explain your work in detail and provide in-text citations. At least six (6) peer-reviewed references are required among which one should be the textbook as source of the data. Include the initial situation and initial assumptions in your answer. *Please refer to the Grading Criteria for Comprehensive Learning Assessments (CLAs) in the University Policies for specific guidelines and expectations.

Discussion Question – CLO 1, CLO 3, CLO 4, CLO 5, CLO 6, CLO 7, CLO 8 Please answer the following questions in detail, provide examples whenever applicable, provide in-text citations. 1. State if each of the following statements is true or false. Justify your answers. The efficient-market hypothesis assumes that a. There are no taxes. b. There is perfect foresight. c. Successive price changes are independent. d. Investors are irrational. e. There are no transaction costs. f. Forecasts are unbiased. 2. Evaluate each of the following statements: a. “The random-walk theory, with its implication that investing in stocks is like playing roulette, is a powerful indictment of our capital markets.” b. “If everyone believes you can make money by charting stock prices, then price changes won’t be random.” c. “The random-walk theory implies that events are random, but many events are not random. If it rains today, there’s a fair bet that it will rain again tomorrow.” 3. Does the statement, “mutual fund X has had superior performance for each of the last 10 years” contradict the efficient market hypothesis? a. If fund X is the only fund, calculate the probability that only by chance it would have achieved superior performance for each of the past 10 years. b. Now recognize that there are nearly 10,000 mutual funds in the United States. What is the probability that by chance there is at least 1 out of 10,000 funds that obtained 10 successive years of superior performance? 4. Financial markets and intermediaries channel savings from investors to corporate investment. The savings make this journey by many different routes. Give a specific example for each of the following routes: a. Investor to financial intermediary, to financial markets, and to the corporation. b. Investor to financial markets, to a financial intermediary, and to the corporation. c. Investor to financial markets, to a financial intermediary, back to financial markets, and to the corporation. Discussion Question – CLO 1, CLO 3, CLO 4, CLO 5, CLO 6, CLO 7, CLO 8 Please answer the following questions in detail, provide examples whenever applicable, provide in-text citations. 1. State if each of the following statements is true or false. Justify your answers. The efficient-market hypothesis assumes that a. There are no taxes. b. There is perfect foresight. c. Successive price changes are independent. d. Investors are irrational. e. There are no transaction costs. f. Forecasts are unbiased. 2. Evaluate each of the following statements: a. “The random-walk theory, with its implication that investing in stocks is like playing roulette, is a powerful indictment of our capital markets.” b. “If everyone believes you can make money by charting stock prices, then price changes won’t be random.” c. “The random-walk theory implies that events are random, but many events are not random. If it rains today, there’s a fair bet that it will rain again tomorrow.” 3. Does the statement, “mutual fund X has had superior performance for each of the last 10 years” contradict the efficient market hypothesis? a. If fund X is the only fund, calculate the probability that only by chance it would have achieved superior performance for each of the past 10 years. b. Now recognize that there are nearly 10,000 mutual funds in the United States. What is the probability that by chance there is at least 1 out of 10,000 funds that obtained 10 successive years of superior performance? 4. Financial markets and intermediaries channel savings from investors to corporate investment. The savings make this journey by many different routes. Give a specific example for each of the following routes: a. Investor to financial intermediary, to financial markets, and to the corporation. b. Investor to financial markets, to a financial intermediary, and to the corporation. c. Investor to financial markets, to a financial intermediary, back to financial markets, and to the corporation.

CLA 1 Comprehensive Learning Assessment – CLO 1, CLO 2, CLO 3, CLO 4, CLO 5, CLO 6, CLO 7, CLO 8 Taxes are costs, and, therefore, changes in tax rates can affect consumer prices, project lives and the value of existing firms. Evaluate the change in taxation on the valuation of the following project: Assumptions: Tax depreciation is straight-line over three years. Pre-tax salvage value is 25 in year 3 and 50 if the asset is scrapped in year 2. Tax on salvage value is 40% of the difference between salvage value and book value of the investment. The cost of capital is 20%. a. Please verify that the information given above yields NPV = 0. b. If you decide to terminate the project in year two (2) what would be the NPV of the project? c. Suppose that the government now changes tax depreciation to allow a 100% write-off in year one (1). How does this affect your answers to parts a and b above? d. Would it now make sense to terminate the project after two rather than three years? e. How would your answers change if the corporate income tax were abolished entirely? Please explain your answer in detail and provide in-text citations. *Please refer to the Grading Criteria for Comprehensive Learning Assessments (CLAs) in the University Policies for specific guidelines and expectations. CLA 1 Comprehensive Learning Assessment – CLO 1, CLO 2, CLO 3, CLO 4, CLO 5, CLO 6, CLO 7, CLO 8 Taxes are costs, and, therefore, changes in tax rates can affect consumer prices, project lives and the value of existing firms. Evaluate the change in taxation on the valuation of the following project: Assumptions: Tax depreciation is straight-line over three years. Pre-tax salvage value is 25 in year 3 and 50 if the asset is scrapped in year 2. Tax on salvage value is 40% of the difference between salvage value and book value of the investment. The cost of capital is 20%. a. Please verify that the information given above yields NPV = 0. b. If you decide to terminate the project in year two (2) what would be the NPV of the project? c. Suppose that the government now changes tax depreciation to allow a 100% write-off in year one (1). How does this affect your answers to parts a and b above? d. Would it now make sense to terminate the project after two rather than three years? e. How would your answers change if the corporate income tax were abolished entirely? Please explain your answer in detail and provide in-text citations. *Please refer to the Grading Criteria for Comprehensive Learning Assessments (CLAs) in the University Policies for specific guidelines and expectations.

Discussion Question – CLO 1, CLO 2, CLO 3 Discuss what potential sources of error might be associated with the following surveys: ? In a survey of frequent fliers ages 50 and older, researchers concluded that price does not play a significant role in airline travel because only 25% of the respondents check off price as the most important consideration in determining where and how they travel, while 35% rated price as unimportant. ? Researchers who must conduct a 45-minute personal interview decide that they will offer $25 to each respondent because they believe that people who will sell their opinions are more typical than someone who will talk to a stranger for 45 minutes. ? A survey comes with a water hardness packet to test the hardness of the water in a respondent’s home. The packet includes a color chart and a plastic strip to dip into hot water. The respondent is given instruction in six steps on how to compare the color of the plastic strip with the color chart that indicates water hardness. Discussion Question – CLO 1, CLO 2, CLO 3 Discuss what potential sources of error might be associated with the following surveys: ? In a survey of frequent fliers ages 50 and older, researchers concluded that price does not play a significant role in airline travel because only 25% of the respondents check off price as the most important consideration in determining where and how they travel, while 35% rated price as unimportant. ? Researchers who must conduct a 45-minute personal interview decide that they will offer $25 to each respondent because they believe that people who will sell their opinions are more typical than someone who will talk to a stranger for 45 minutes. ? A survey comes with a water hardness packet to test the hardness of the water in a respondent’s home. The packet includes a color chart and a plastic strip to dip into hot water. The respondent is given instruction in six steps on how to compare the color of the plastic strip with the color chart that indicates water hardness.

Professional Assignment – CLO 2 In February 2009, bushfires raced across the Australian state of Victoria, claiming lives and property. While rebuilding will take years, at some point after a disaster, it is time to get back to business. Suppose you are approached by the owners of several full-service wine stores in Victoria. They are uncertain about whether they should simply maintain the same positioning they had previous to the bushfires, and they would like a report within 60 days. ? How could each orientation of qualitative research, namely, phenomenology, ethnography, grounded theory, and case studies be used here? ? What qualitative research tool(s) would you recommend be used and why? ? What are the ethical issues that you should be sensitive to in this process? Make sure to include in-text citations and peer reviewed references in APA format *Refer to the Grading Criteria for Professional Assignments in the University Policies for specific guidelines and expectations. Professional Assignment – CLO 2 In February 2009, bushfires raced across the Australian state of Victoria, claiming lives and property. While rebuilding will take years, at some point after a disaster, it is time to get back to business. Suppose you are approached by the owners of several full-service wine stores in Victoria. They are uncertain about whether they should simply maintain the same positioning they had previous to the bushfires, and they would like a report within 60 days. ? How could each orientation of qualitative research, namely, phenomenology, ethnography, grounded theory, and case studies be used here? ? What qualitative research tool(s) would you recommend be used and why? ? What are the ethical issues that you should be sensitive to in this process? Make sure to include in-text citations and peer reviewed references in APA format *Refer to the Grading Criteria for Professional Assignments in the University Policies for specific guidelines and expectations.

Professional Assignment – CLO 4, CLO 5, CLO 6 Describe three approaches to detecting errors, including how they work, the probability of detecting an error, and any other benefits or limitations. *Please refer to the Grading Criteria for Professional Assignments in the University Policies for specific guidelines and expectations. Professional Assignment – CLO 4, CLO 5, CLO 6 Describe three approaches to detecting errors, including how they work, the probability of detecting an error, and any other benefits or limitations. *Please refer to the Grading Criteria for Professional Assignments in the University Policies for specific guidelines and expectations.